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Application |
GeoStudio |
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Version |
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Primary Analysis |
TEMP/W |
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Keywords |
GeoStudio, TEMP/W, Heat, Pulse, Technique |
Introduction
The general mechanisms through which heat is transferred in soils are conduction, convection, and phase change. Heat conduction occurs as hot moving atoms, molecules, and electrons collide, and transfer energy whereas heat convection occurs as pore fluid moves within the soil. The fluid movement can either be generated by buoyancy forces (natural convection) or by external forces, such as pressure (forced convection or advection). Phase change, on the other hand, is associated with the characteristic amount of energy released or absorbed by a fluid as it transitions from one state to another. The key thermal properties needed to account for these mechanisms are thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and latent heat. Both thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity can be estimated from measurements of the thermal field around a heating element. The sensors used for this purpose generally consist of small parallel cylindrical probes, which either contain a heating element or a thermistor (Campbell et al., 1991; Bristow et al., 1994). Further developments of this technique, referred to as the heat pulse technique, have led to the simultaneous estimation of both soil thermal properties and soil water flux (Ren et al., 2000; Mortensen et al., 2006; Hopmans et al., 2002). The objective of this example is to verify the forced convection (or advection) formulation against an analytical solution of the heat pulse problem with and without groundwater flow. The verification exercise lends credibility to the use of the formulation for problems involving forced convection in porous media.
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See also