Introduction

Finite element stress strain analyses of steep slopes demonstrate that a zone of tension can exist in the head scrap area.  The tension zone can manifest itself as a tension crack.  Moreover, the near surface soil profile is often stiff and desiccated. Tension cracks can form in this zone if there is some slope movement at depth.

In a Limit Equilibrium formulation, it is possible to compute a negative normal at the base of a slice at the head scrap if the inclination of the slice base becomes very steep. These are some reasons why it is desirable to sometimes simulate a tension crack in a stability analysis. SLOPE/W provides two options for simulating tension cracks. In addition, the hydrostatic force arising from standing water in a tension crack can be included.